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Etienne Louis Malus - traduction vers Anglais
![bootblack]] polishing them, were motionless enough for their images to be captured. There is also what appears to be a young girl looking out of a window at the camera.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Boulevard du Temple by Daguerre (unmirrored).jpg?width=200 "bootblack]] polishing them, were motionless enough for their images to be captured. There is also what appears to be a young girl looking out of a window at the camera.")
![Stock certificate of the Société d'exploitation du Diorama de Paris for 1000 Francs, issued on 3 August 1822, signed in the original by the two inventors and founding directors [[Charles Marie Bouton]] and Louis Daguerre. The holder of the share was entitled to the two hundred and fiftieth part of the net profits from the opening of the Diorama on 11 July 1822.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diorama Aktie von 1822.png?width=200 "Stock certificate of the Société d'exploitation du Diorama de Paris for 1000 Francs, issued on 3 August 1822, signed in the original by the two inventors and founding directors [[Charles Marie Bouton]] and Louis Daguerre. The holder of the share was entitled to the two hundred and fiftieth part of the net profits from the opening of the Diorama on 11 July 1822.")
![''[[The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel]]'', painting by Daguerre (1824)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel (Louis Daguerre), 1824 (Google Art Project).jpg?width=200 "''[[The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel]]'', painting by Daguerre (1824)")
![''[[Still Life with Jupiter Tonans]]'' (1839)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Daguerre kynzvart.jpg?width=200 "''[[Still Life with Jupiter Tonans]]'' (1839)")
Définition
Wikipédia
Étienne-Louis Malus (; French: [e.tjɛn.lwi ma.lys]; 23 July 1775 – 23 February 1812) was a French officer, engineer, physicist, and mathematician.
Malus was born in Paris, France. He participated in Napoleon's expedition into Egypt (1798 to 1801) and was a member of the mathematics section of the Institut d'Égypte. Malus became a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1810. In 1810 the Royal Society of London awarded him the Rumford Medal.
His mathematical work was almost entirely concerned with the study of light. He studied geometric systems called ray systems, closely connected to Julius Plücker's line geometry. He conducted experiments to verify Christiaan Huygens's theories of light and rewrote the theory in analytical form. His discovery of the polarization of light by reflection was published in 1809 and his theory of double refraction of light in crystals, in 1810.
Malus attempted to identify the relationship between the polarising angle of reflection that he had discovered, and the refractive index of the reflecting material. While he deduced the correct relation for water, he was unable to do so for glasses due to the low quality of materials available to him (the refractive index of most glasses available at that time varied between the surface and the interior of the glass). It was not until 1815 that Sir David Brewster was able to experiment with higher quality glasses and correctly formulate what is known as Brewster's law. This law was later explained theoretically by Augustin Fresnel, as a special case of his Fresnel equations.
Malus is probably best remembered for Malus's law, giving the resultant intensity, when a polariser is placed in the path of an incident beam. A follower of Laplace, both his statement of the Malus's law and his earlier works on polarisation and birefringence were formulated using the corpuscular theory of light.
His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel tower.
